Helping Math And Science Students Through Criticism

Helping Math and Science Students Through Criticism Paige M. Bartlett University of Washington Teaching to Transgress March 15th , 2015 When we read Tough’s (2012) How Children Succeed in class, some of my classmates were shocked by Spiegel’s frank and harsh tone with students. A line from her blog reads, â€Å" ‘I said some amazing things to kids, including ‘You can count to two, right? Then you should have seen that!!’ and ‘If you are not going to pay more attention you should quit chess, because you are wasting everyone’s time.’ † (Tough, 2012, p. 119) When Spiegel says, â€Å" ‘Most people won’t tell teenage girls...that they are lazy and the quality of their work is unacceptable’ † (p. 120) most people would respond, ‘Well,†¦show more content†¦121) Her lessons often revolve around examining students’ mistakes in their chess games by â€Å"reconstructing the student’s flawed games on the green felt practice boards hung on hooks at the front of her classroom† (Tough, 2012, p. 115) and making sure they learn exactly what they need to know. After every tournament game, Spiegels’ students come back and review the games with her, move by move. Both her criticism and her praise aren’t empty. She’s upfront and honest with her students about what they did right and wrong, even if that honesty doesn’t always look pretty. In one instance, she went over a game with Sebastian, a student who originally chalked up his loss to, â€Å"the other guy was simply better than him.† (Tough, 2012, p. 106) However, going over it with Sebastian, Spiegel showed him the exact moments when he could have gained an advantage and won. While she does compliment him when he makes a good move, when he makes a bad one she challenges him to make better choices. The whole time, she kept telling him he had to slow down. In this way she accomplishes two things. By showing each moment he needed to slow down, it not only teaches him how to recognize advantageous situations (which will serve him better in future games), it gives him a skill he needs to work on (slowing down). If he was simply playing on his own, he likely wouldn’t recognize that

Historical Narratives Of The Major Events Leading Up For...

Summative Objective 1 for this Instruction: Students will use primary and secondary sources to create historical narratives of the major events leading up to the American Revolution. Summative Objective 2 for this instruction: Students will know the major events that led to the American Revolution. Means of Assessment (Describe briefly here, and attached below in each lesson): After you describe your assessment, mention how you will differentiate for a student with special needs (e.g., struggling reader, English language learners): The students will be assessed on the 13 colonies by presenting to the class the information they found on their assigned colony and completing a foldable graphic organizer. For the French and Indian War students will be assessed by being given a reflective worksheet where they are asked to reflect on what they learned about the French and Indian War. The lesson over the Stamp Act will include a game that serves as the formative assessment. Day 5 will cover the Boston Massacre. The students will be given a reading for homework and then will answer questions that go along with the reading. On the last day, after discussing the Boston Tea Party, the students will be given homework. The homework is a worksheet answering questions over the Boston Tea Part y. Finally, we will be giving a summative assessment. The assessment includes creating an interactive timeline where students will have to draw in the major events we have talked about. Once they haveShow MoreRelatedEssay On The Shoemaker And The Tea Party1203 Words   |  5 Pagesdesire and aspirations of Hewes to change who he wanted to be, is an inspiration. An inspiration that led this country to what it is today. The actions and thinking of Hewes as well as many other brave men and woman. Helped coin what we all as Americans, call home. Imagine a world where we knew nothing of our past, and who helped create what we call home. 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For instance, in Strike, Eisenstein cuts from a police officer to a butcher who kills an animal in the form of a jump cut. This is to indicateRead MoreUnique Characteristics of Soviet Montage5818 Words   |  24 Pagesediting. Cuts should stimulate the spectator. In opposition to continuity editing Montage cutting often created either overlapping or elliptical temporal relations. Elliptical cutting creates the opposite effect. A part of an action is left out, so the event takes less time than it would in reality. Elliptical editing was often used in the form of the jump cut. For instance, in Strike, Eisenstein cuts from a police officer to a butcher who kills an animal in the form of a jump cut. This is to indicate

What Are the Key Ideas Behind the Risk Thesis Free Essays

Undoubtedly, insecurity, fear and risk have come to dominate more mundane aspects of our everyday life. Social policy theorists, such as Paul Johnson defines social risk as ‘The probability weighted uncertainty that derives from the changing and dynamic world in which people lives. ’(quoted in Alcock et al. We will write a custom essay sample on What Are the Key Ideas Behind the Risk Thesis or any similar topic only for you Order Now 2008:21). In the following essay the concept of ‘risk society’ will be explored even further in order to examine the key ideas of the risk thesis and how those relate to social policy and the welfare state. After some light has been shed on historical notions of risk, the focus of the essay will move to a contemporary society. Here it can be clearly seen to what extent risks have evolved in relation to the times we live in and this will be especially explored in the terms of individualization, unemployment, health, terrorism and environmental concerns. Risks theorists have outlined three main discourses in European thought upon risk. According to Giddens (1999), all previous cultures were characterized by Pre-Renaissance thoughts. It can be argued that risks were seen as the products of fate, destiny and will of the gods. However, nowadays the idea of risk is strongly linked to modernity, defined by authors such as Beck and Giddens as ‘the process and institutions of industrialization. (quoted in Kemshall 2002:4). As a result of modernization, there are not only ‘external risks’, coming from the impact of nature upon us, but also ‘manufactures risks’ which are products of human activity, for instance environmental risks or even social ones because our personal futures are increasingly open and therefore, it is possible for individuals to assess the calculability of risk taken. On the other hand, it can be suggested that post- modernity has challenge the ‘myth of calculability’, because as Giddens states: ‘post- modernity offers little help as to which options should be selected. (quoted in Kemshall 2002: 5). Sociologists such as Beck and Giddens clearly examine the fact that the movement form pre-modern societies to modernity and late modernity have lead to greater uncertainties in our contemporary society such as poverty, unemployment and ecological disasters. Undoubtedly we live in a ‘risk society’. Beck (1992) argues that the successful development of technology helps us to produce enough to meet people’s essential needs, however it creates a ‘boomerang affect’ because as Beck points out technology and science create more problems than simply solving them. It can be argued that those who benefits form production and consumption suffer its consequences. To support his theory, Beck provides us with many emperical evidences which illustrate the problem of risk society. It is true that thanks to development in agriculture, the rich countries no longer have problems with shortage food, but the plentiful supply of processed food has created consequences of health problems such as obesity. Similarly, atomic energy helps to produce energy supplies but it creates serious health risk because of nuclear waste and accidents such as those more recently (oil spill in America) and those in the past (Chernobyl nuclear reactor disaster). Particularly, Beck outlines the fact that those disasters are global concerns, rather than local and affect all people, regardless of age or class, because you cannot protect yourself against them by having a high income. In the term of unemployment, Beck also argues that it affects all classes. For example the financial crisis of United Kingdom in 2007-2010 affected not only working class but also middle class people. Therefore social inequality is individualized because people experience risk as individuals rather than a members of a particular class. Drawing upon ideas of Beck and Giddens, Nettleton and Burrows (1998) argues that increased risks in our contemporary societies made individuals to be more ‘encouraged to make life-style choices and life-planning decisions. ’(cited in Kemshall 2002:43. For example, education become increasing important is shaping our future as we know that by having high qualification there is more opportunity to have better- paid job. The increasing of consumerism in our societies made people to pay more attention to money as it provided higher standards of living. The fact that there are more uncertainties in employment and even higher educated people struggle to find jobs, it is necessary for people to move out and thus, geographical mobility allows individuals to move form jobs to jobs on global scale. Therefore, people experience this as individuals rather than members of class. Nettleton and Burrows also argue that those uncertainties in employment which create fear f losing a job and consequences of living in bad conditions, led people to be more aware of the future and secure themselves in the fulfilment of their basic needs by investing money, creating saving accounts and paying private insurances. However is it true that all classes are able to afford it? Nevertheless, people experience the environmental risk to the same extent but it doesn’t mean that the notion of class is less unimportant in the risk society thesis. Beck wrongly assumes that there is the decline of class, because class differences still continue to affect life expectancy and people experiences unemployment in different ways. For example, it is obvious that people who have higher status within society can afford better life and even of they are about to lose a job, their better qualification give them an opportunity to find a job much more quicker than lower status person. It can also be argued that the development of the technology has a result in declining of manufacturing industry which was the basis of working class identities and it has left them struggling to find new job in the face of high unemployment. Moreover, working class people are more at disadvantage because as a result of cultural and material deprivation, they do not have an opportunity to do better at education and thus gain better qualification and pursuit themselves in the job career perspectives. Colin Gill (1985) argues that technological and scientific change and deindustrialization ‘threatens to reduce in the workforce in numerous occupations’ such as warehouse workers, postal staff or mineworkers. Karl Marx (1978) also argues that working class are more likely to be unemployment as a result of capitalists system. Sociologists argue that the risk of unemployment and the effect of unemployment affect both society and personal feelings. Sinfield (1981) argues that unemployment ‘devalues or debates the standard or quality of life in society’. (gouted in Haralambos 2004: 670). He (1981) argues that high unemployment reduced the chance of equality of opportunity being achieved and people feel less secure and may have their standards of living threatened. The other social effects relate to lack of sense of identity of people who lose their jobs, sense of obligatory activates that works provides, lack of a sense of purpose and freedom and control outside work creates the possibility of engaging time leisure activities that are costly. On the other hand, the personal effects of unemployment affect health and financial income. Some argues people’s health is more affected by unemployment because the statistics show that unemployment men have higher death rates compared to employment ones. People also experience greater risk of depression and stress, which has a result in many health problems such as high blood pressure, heart attacks or cancer caused by smoking. Loss of financial income means that people live in bad conditions. Council’s houses are often small and located in marginalized districts. People are more likely to be at risk of poverty which affects both material and cultural deprivation. For example, recent Government figures show that children form low income families are more likely to eat less fruits than their counterparts. Overall, unemployment restricts people’s possibilities to secure the basic needs such as food, good housing or health treatments. However the successful use of National Health Service over the last 50 years, adapt the needs of health care to demographic changes. NHS provide people with free access to health care, but people with better income status are able to afford private medical insurance and use the private sectors which provide more effective health services. As Clark et al points out, ‘this has been paralleled by a ‘result culture†¦. Consumer choice and right have also contributed to public expectations, in the terms not only of access of treatment, but also of its timeliness and excellence. ’ (quoted in Kemshall 2002:55). Thos all evidences prove the fact that Beck’s theory based on the idea of decline of class in the contemporary society, is invalid. As we see people experience the risk in different ways as some of them are affected most than others. Particularly, lower income people are at greater risk of poverty due to unemployment. Now the purpose of the essay needs to move one to the idea of social policy as social risk management. Looking at the historical notion of social policy as risk management the 18th and 19th century Britain have introduced many policies to cope with risk, for example, the introduction of compulsory elementary schools for children of all classes in 1880, self-help organizations (saving banks) and Charity Organization Society or the Poor Law. Jordan (1998) argues that the new politics of welfare: ‘Third Way’, ‘emphasizes equality of opportunity rather than outcome and rights to education and training rather than benefits†¦. It provides for ‘genuine’ needs to be met, with far stricter testing for the authenticity if the claims from unemployment and disability. ’ (quoted in Kemshall 2002:32) According to Jordan (1998), this new politics of welfare state is increasingly associated with ‘New Labour ‘and Blair. The new programme of Third Way is based on key factors such as social justice, social responsibility and obligations, the labour market as a mechanism for achieving social justice and based on reward for merit and an emphasis upon meritocracy. Thus, as Kemshall (2002 :37) argues ‘social policy reform and programmes are now pursued through the labour market and the social engineering of ‘opportunities’ to contribute [through] education and workplace. Social investment in human capital is viewed as more economically productive and efficient that retrospective alleviation of individuals need through a state benefits system. ’ The Labour government introduced a number of new designed policies which are based on the idea of encouraging unemployment back into works. It was done through the introduction of New Deal scheme which was based ‘Gateway’ advice, where young unemployment people have been offered four options (for example, full time education or employment in voluntary sectors). If people refused them, they lost the right to benefits. The introduction of minimum wage and Job Seeker Allowance was also to encourage people to back to work. As Kemshall (2002: 37) states ‘a social policy of ‘Third Way’ actively [promoted] risk taking and a positive attitude to risk has gained currency, and is advocated as the most effective response to the dilemmas of ‘risk society’. However Keefe and Hordley (2002) pointed out that ‘whether Labour policies will succeed in continuing to keep unemployment low remain to be seen. Levels of unemployment were beginning to creep up again by 2003. (quoted in Haralambos 2004:669). Similarly Giddnes argues that the welfare state is ill equipped to meet the risks set by economic globalization and a needs centred welfare state is based upon the pooling risk, rather than the pooling of resources. According to Giddens there is still much focus on benefits and the dependency of ‘need culture’ is seen as a barrier to economic flexibility. The purpose of the essay was to identify the key idea of the risk thesis and how those relate to social policy. Considering both historical and contemporary perspectives on ‘risk society’ we can clearly see the patter of changes of the notion of risk over the time. The work of the sociologists such as Beck and Giddens helps us to understand the difference between ‘external’ and ‘manufactures’ risk as well as they outline the argument that risk is more associated with modernity and late modernity. The essay is based of the idea of risk which is due to individualization and unemployment. Undoubtedly, our contemporary societies are less stable so the fear of unemployment dominates our lives as it affects our standards of living. However risk society thesis are criticised on several ground, such as those of Beck as his theory fails to recognize the fact that people are differently exposed to modernization risk. Beck fails to recognize the relationships between risk distribution, conflict and inequality, by wrongly assuming that individuals as equally concerned by risk. As Taylor Gooby states ‘Membership of the working class is associated with a much higher risk of fall in living standards and also ‘The risk society is class ideology masquerading as social theory: It serves the interests of those already privileged in a more flexible society by obscuring the needs and aspirations of the more vulnerable who already bear most of the burdens of social change’. Taylor-Gooby, 1999). Form my point of view; the concept of risk is relevant to social policy, because policies are regarded as risk management. It can be clearly seen in the historical outline and new politics of ‘Third Way’ programme as it demonstrated us how social policies try to tackle the unemployment. However the description of contemporary society by Beck and Giddens left us to critically question some certain aspect and the theory should reflect the ‘idealistic’ rather than ‘materialistic’ nature of the concept of risk. 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Dante Alighieri Essay Example For Students

Dante Alighieri Essay Dante Alighieri was one of the most renowned writers in world literature. His great masterpieces have influenced the world immensely. He was not only a great writer and poet but he also was a man that overcame great odds to write awe inspiring works ofart. Dante Alighieri was born in Florence, Italy either in late May or early June, 1265. His childhood was somewhat troubling because of the early death of his mother and then his father when he was 18. He managed to get through these bad occurrences and fell in love with a Florentine noblewoman named Beatrice Portinari in 1274 but she also died not long afterwards. He once said that the most significant occurrence of his childhood was his meeting with his love, Beatrice. She was glorified in La vita nuova; (The New Life;) and again later in La divina commedia; (The Divine Comedy;). Although his great literary works prove that he had a great education, little is known about where he studied. It is known that he was in Bolonga in about 1 285 and it is possible that he studied at the university there. He supported the Guelphs against the Ghibellines; two political parties of the time, and fought with them victoriously in 1289. Around this same time he married a member of a prominent Guelph family, Gemma Donati. During the following few years, Dante was active in Florences disorderly politics.Records show that in 1295, he served several offices. In 1300, he was sent on a mission to San Gimignano for diplomatic purposes and later that same year was electedone of the six magistrates of Florence. That position was his for only two months. In 1301, Dante was fined and banned from Florence for two years by the newly returning leaders of the Blacks; a faction within the Guelph. Failing to pay the fines, it was decided that he would be put to death if he ever returned. During his exile, Dante Alighieri spent time in Verona and other northern Italian cities as well as Paris. His political views changed dramatically to those o f the Ghibellines during this time period of 1307 to 1309. He supported the idea of a united Europe under a single emperor. Between 1304 and 1305, he wrote De Vulgari Eloquentia; which promoted the use of the Italian language rather than Latin in literary works. Convivio; was written between 1304 and 1307 as a comprehensive, 15 book summary of all the knowledge of the time. Only the first four books were evercompleted. In 1310, Henry VII, king of Germany and Holy Roman emperor arrived in Italy to bring the country under his rule. Dante Alighieri supported his cause and wrote to many Italian political leaders and princes urging them to support king Henry also. In these letters, he presented king Henrys cause as a way of ending the political turmoil in many Italian cities. King Henrys death in 1313 quickly brought Dantes hopes for a unified Europe to an end and he wrote The Latin treatise De Monarchia; (on monarchy). This work explained Dante Alighieris political philosophy. He believed that Europe would be benefited greatly by a unified Holy Roman Empire. He also supported the completeseparation between the church and state. La vita nuova;, Dante Alighieris first important literary work was written not long after the death of his first love, Beatrice. It tells of his love for Beatrice, his forewarning of her death in a dream, her actual death, and his struggle to write a literary work that would be a worthy monument of her memory. La vita nouva; shows influence from the love poetry of the Provencal troubadours and represents the finest work of the dolce stil nouvo; (sweet new style;) of contemporary Florentinevernacular poetry. Dantes greatest and most renowned work was The Divine Comedy;. It isbelieved that it was begun in 1307 and not finished until shortly before his death. This epic masterpiece tells of the authors imaginary journey through hell, purgatory, and heaven. It is divided into three sections; Inferno (Hell), Purgatorio (Purgatory), and the Paradiso (Paradise). His journeys are influenced by a wide range of mythological and historical characters; each representing a particular virtue or fau lt, either political or religious. His first love, Beatrice is represented by his guide through paradise. TheDivine Comedy; represents the medieval Christian philosophy of the time. Dante Alighieri was invited to return to Florence in 1316 but he declined because he believed that he would be treated as a pardoned criminal. He vowed not to return to Florence unless he was granted full dignity and honor. His spent the last days of his life in exile in Ravenna, where he died on September 13 or 14, 1321. His remains have been kept their despite requests over the centuries for his return to Florence. There is a cenotaph, which is an empty tomb honoring someone whos remains are somewhereelse,. in the Church of Santa Croce in Florence, Italy.

Report on the Analysis of Ineffective Communication in the Workplace free essay sample

This report will analyse and examine issues of interpersonal behaviour in the workplace. It will describe a scenario observed concerning communication and will include an analysis of the problems that occurred. A conclusion will be made which will lead to recommendations to prevent this situation from recurring. 2. 0 The scenario The main conflict in this scenario transpired between persons B and C (see appendix 1) on the shop floor of B Q. Person B had previously spoken rudely about person C to person D. Persons D and C are good friends, therefore person D informed C about the incident. Person C then discussed the issue with Person A who had a one-to-one meeting with person B. The outcome of the meeting was that Person B should have an informal meeting with person C to resolve the issue. However, person B avoided holding this meeting and instead chose to speak to person C on the shop floor in the presence of customers. We will write a custom essay sample on Report on the Analysis of Ineffective Communication in the Workplace or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page (See appendix 2 for the transcript of the scenario). 3. 0 Transactional Analysis and Effective Communication Transactional Analysis assists when evaluating this situation as the model is a popular way of explaining the dynamics of interpersonal communication. It was developed by Eric Berne in 1949 and has two fundamental assumptions; all the events and feelings people experience are stored within them and can be replayed, and that personality is made up of three ego states that manifest themselves in gesture, tone of voice and actions. The child ego state is described as the ‘feelings state’ and involves people behaving as they did when they were a child. This includes three sub-states which are the ‘free or natural child’, the ‘little professor’ and the ‘rebellious child’. The free or natural child state focuses on genuine feelings, acting on impulse and letting others know how we feel. The little professor state is creative, questioning and experimental. As the name suggests, the rebellious child state invokes rebellion, frustration and withdrawal. The adult ego state involves behaviour that concerns thought processes and can be defined as ‘the thoughtful’ state. This state focuses on data collection, reality testing and objectiveness. The parent state is described as the ‘taught’ state and consists of two sub-states; the nurturing and the critical parent. In this state, people take responsibility and tend to behave in ways learnt from parental figures. The nurturing parent state involves caring for other people, whereas in the critical or controlling parent state people have a tendency to lay down rules and boundaries and insist on their own method of getting the job done. Exclusions of ego states occur when someone is permanently using one ego state and cuts off the others (see appendix 7). There are three types of transactions in communication; complementary, crossed and ulterior (see appendix 3). When both parties’ ego states match, this is a complementary transaction and communication can continue. Crossed transactions occur when one party addresses a different ego state to the one the other party is currently in. The communication in crossed transactions disintegrates and can result in bad feelings. Ulterior transactions involve a crossed transaction on a psychological level, however on the surface the ego states seem to match leading to people playing games with one another. Strokes are units of recognition and are given and received via the five senses. Positive strokes are life and growth encouraging, whereas negative strokes are the opposite and cause the recipient to feel dejected. Transactional analysis assumes that our characteristic ways of feeling and behaving derive from the way we feel about ourselves in relation to other people. These are referred to as the four life positions and consist of â€Å"I’m not OK, You’re OK†, â€Å"I’m not OK, You’re not OK†, â€Å"I’m OK, You’re not OK† and â€Å"I’m OK, You’re OK† (see appendix 4). Body language is another method used to communicate and can assist when deciphering an underlying message that someone is trying to purvey. According to Pivcevic, â€Å"it is commonly agreed that 80 per cent of communication is non-verbal† (Mullins, L. J, 2010, pp 235). Effective communication is achieved by attending, reflecting and following (see appendix 5). This benefits both the listener and the speaker as it aids the listener in thoroughly understanding what the speaker is saying. Attending is non-verbal communication that signifies someone is paying careful attention to the person talking. Attending includes body posture, gestures, eye contact and an environment free of distractions. Following skills require the listener to offer openers and encouragements. Openers are non-coercive invitations for the speaker to talk and include judgemental, reassuring and advice statements. Opening questions and silence can be used as they encourage and concentrate on the concerns of the speaker rather than the listener. Reflecting skills avoid both speaker and listener problems. Words are perceived differently to people and listeners can often become distracted. Reflective responses are non-judgmental and help the listener to grasp the feelings of the speaker. Guirdham’s cycle of perception and behaviour can also aid in analysing communication as perceptions can alter the way in which we behave, thus having an effect on communication (see appendix 8). 4. 0 Analysis of the scenario By applying the Transactional analysis model, it is evident that when person B approached C, she was speaking from her critical parent ego state. This state is condescending and admonishing and can cause the addressee to feel discouraged. When replying, person C speaks from her adult ego state which is objective and rational, presenting a crossed transaction as B was addressing a different ego state to that of which C is currently in (see appendix 3). Person B should have shifted to an adult ego state to ensure that the states matched, amending it to a complementary transaction. However, B replies she has no time denoting that she is speaking from her critical parent ego state and sending out negative strokes. Her abrupt and loud tone insinuates she is defensive and angry. Her body language also gives an implication of her underlying message as she is walking away from the situation with her arms crossed, suggesting she is uninterested. Person C is rational and relaxed with her body language, making constant eye contact and positioning herself closely to person B, signifying she is listening intently. C’s ego state shifts to a rebellious child state when B’s body language and attitude is perceived as rude, abrupt and unconcerned. This subliminal communication causes an argument to break out and C begins to speak vociferously. The clenching of her fists and words spoken infer this shift in ego state. A change in behaviour occurs due to C’s perceptions of B’s behaviour (see appendix 8). Person A then interrupts the conversation and speaks from a nurturing parent ego state; this is presumed as he interjects with a question, â€Å"are you okay guys? † He places a hand on person C’s shoulder, signalling a display of power over her. At this point, person B begins to fiddle with her pen, suggesting a transition out of her comfort zone and showing she is uncomfortable in the situation. By this point, person C is very distressed and is deep in a rebellious child ego state. Her body language conveys feelings of anger and frustration as she is frantically waving her arms. Person B is reluctant to apologise or be sympathetic throughout the incident, indicating her ego state has not changed. This implies that she is currently in an arrogant life position as she feels she is not in the wrong (see appendix 4). She walks away, with her arms crossed expressing hostility and disregard to the situation. Person C reverts back to an adult ego state towards the end of the conversation and realises that she needs to calm down and clear her head. She also displays anxiety as she begins to bite her lip. Person A has maintained a nurturing parent ego state throughout as he is caring and tries to control and pacify the situation. 5. 0 Conclusion In conclusion, person B has inadequate communication skills. The crossed transaction, exclusion of other ego states and current life position (see appendix 4) of person B combine together to make her appear arrogant and uninterested, leading to conflict between the two parties. Attending, following and reflecting skills (see appendix 5) should have been applied to the conversation on B’s part to ensure effective communication took place. Person B’s disregard to instructions given to her by A could be due to the age gap between the two. According to Hart (Mullins, L. J, 2010, pp 101), age gaps can lead to conflict in the workplace as there is a dispute between age and experience. 6. 0 Recommendations To avoid this situation recurring, person B should receive training on interpersonal skills (see appendix 6), attending, following and listening (see appendix 5), enabling her to understand her own behaviour, other points of view and improve communication skills. Person A should hold an informal, one-to-one meeting with B and discuss possible outcomes of the meeting, such as training. Person A should identify whether B is in a constant ‘arrogant or cosmetic’ life position as she could have been having a bad day when the argument broke out. If it is found that her constant life position is ‘I’m OK, you’re not OK’ then an attempt should be made to modify this as it has a negative effect on communication. Person A should ensure this is carried out in a conscientious manner to prevent another conflicting situation from occurring. Person A should avoid singling out B as this could demotivate her from joining work shop training, so should offer the opportunity to every employee. This informal, fun atmosphere may help to improve person B’s opinions of others and alter her current life position. Another method of altering person B’s life position is to offer counselling but should be suggested at a later date if workshops fail.

Free Essays on Cyber Security

Cyber Security and E-Commerce Many businesses in today’s financially competitive corporate world rely heavily on e-commerce to survive with their markets. Companies such as Ebay, AOL, Amazon, and Yahoo, are e-commerce-based on rely solely it solely for their revenues. With this in mind, this issue of cyber-security is tied directly in link with the business that sell using e-commerce and the customers who buy their products; as is the threat of cyber terrorism, which has the ability to disrupt e-commerce servers, steal consumer information, and essentially cause economic chaos throughout the e-commerce world. Many serious issues exist within this link, most of which deal with the safety of making purchases over the Internet. Many e-commerce customers have major concerns with the fact that their billing information my be intercepted while in transit over the Internet. Many questions have been raised as to whether or not personal information is encrypted, and moreover, whether the encryption stays encrypted. In relation to this, In a February 10, 2003 article from Indian Express Newspaper reports, â€Å"A recent survey has shown that of the total online assessors, only 43 per cent are online buyers, the rest are concerned about security and privacy of their personal information, especially their credit card number. Does this mean that those who are transacting, on the Internet are ignorant about the risk? Banks offer electronic funds transfer service; do they offer an assurance that customer's account will not be debited without his consent? How can we have an assurance that the cybershop-keeper and its staff will not misuse our credit card number?†[2] In answering these questions, in an article from the Kauffman Center for Entrepreneurial Leadership, Edna Sarty reports, â€Å"Despite industry growth, consumer concern over Internet security is very strong, limiting the potential of e-commerce. Internet security problems have a neg... Free Essays on Cyber Security Free Essays on Cyber Security Cyber Security and E-Commerce Many businesses in today’s financially competitive corporate world rely heavily on e-commerce to survive with their markets. Companies such as Ebay, AOL, Amazon, and Yahoo, are e-commerce-based on rely solely it solely for their revenues. With this in mind, this issue of cyber-security is tied directly in link with the business that sell using e-commerce and the customers who buy their products; as is the threat of cyber terrorism, which has the ability to disrupt e-commerce servers, steal consumer information, and essentially cause economic chaos throughout the e-commerce world. Many serious issues exist within this link, most of which deal with the safety of making purchases over the Internet. Many e-commerce customers have major concerns with the fact that their billing information my be intercepted while in transit over the Internet. Many questions have been raised as to whether or not personal information is encrypted, and moreover, whether the encryption stays encrypted. In relation to this, In a February 10, 2003 article from Indian Express Newspaper reports, â€Å"A recent survey has shown that of the total online assessors, only 43 per cent are online buyers, the rest are concerned about security and privacy of their personal information, especially their credit card number. Does this mean that those who are transacting, on the Internet are ignorant about the risk? Banks offer electronic funds transfer service; do they offer an assurance that customer's account will not be debited without his consent? How can we have an assurance that the cybershop-keeper and its staff will not misuse our credit card number?†[2] In answering these questions, in an article from the Kauffman Center for Entrepreneurial Leadership, Edna Sarty reports, â€Å"Despite industry growth, consumer concern over Internet security is very strong, limiting the potential of e-commerce. Internet security problems have a neg...

A Strained Research team

Based on the skills approach, how would you assess Dr. Wood’s leadership and his relationship to the members of the Elder Care Project team? Will the project be successful? Dr. Adam Wood is the main investigator of a 3year project called the Elder Care Project. Reading about his behavior, it is visible that Dr. Wood has no human skills which may end up affecting his team and lead to a failure of the project. 2. Does Dr. Wood has the skills necessary to be an effective leader of this research team? Dr. Wood has excellent technical skills and conceptual skills. For this project in particular, he would give advice on research design, methodology question, theoretical formulations, and besides that he could see the big picture on research projects. But human skills are very important to make people work as a team, and keep them motivated and focused to achieve the goals. To be a leader of a research team there is definitely a need for someone that can have that skill to keep the team up and doing the work. Since there is no one doing that job, it explains why people are frustrated. They are working hard and they don’t find incentive, motivational words, or good comments on the big effort they are making. That’s one of the biggest reasons as to why the project may lead to failure. 3. The skills model describes three important competencies for leaders: problem-solving skills, social judgment skills, ad knowledge. If you were to coach Dr. Wood using this model, what competencies would you address with him? What Changes would you suggest that he make in his leadership? Dr. Wood has important knowledge but his social judgment and problem solving skills seems to be very weak, and this is definitely something that he needs to work on as a leader. Those social judgments skills are the ones that will help to improve his interaction with the colleagues and make him understand how they see things and what their needs are. I suggest that he starts talking positively about his project and how successful it will be when it is finished. He should also start praising the members on their hard work, encourage them to share knowledge and point of view, and convince them that the goals are feasible, achievable, and attainable. Even though the members were spending 20%-30% more time in this project than what was expected, the team still believed in the project until their main leader started to put all the motivation down by his comments.

Commerce Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Commerce - Essay Example In contrast, sole proprietorships and general partnerships offer no shield or protection against personal liability and creditors can satisfy liabilities from personal assets of the owner(s). For instance, in the case of Walmart, they offer shares to be purchased as a benefit to their associates. If an associate chooses to invest their money in stock purchases and Walmart becomes severely devalued or goes out of business all together, the associates that invested to purchase stocks will not be held responsible for any outstanding debts of the company. However, in order to avoid risks due to small invested capital, creditors may require personal guarantees from owners of the incorporations. As shareholder entities have separate legal existence, personal liability protection is a major benefit for owners of small and medium incorporated businesses. New shareholders and investors can be easily attracted if their personal assets are protection is guaranteed, increasing the investment pool. The investors willing to remain passive are not responsible for managerial activities of the active shareholders. The corporate legal person has infinite life span, and management changes such as resignation, retirement or death of corporate personnel has no affect over the entire existence or continuity of incorporations. Separate legal personality of firms provides shareholders with liberty to choose the tax treatment according to their investment projects. Transaction costs and operational risks to owners are reduced through existence of a legal framework. The investor does not have to pay taxes on the profits of the company; only on the share that they receive in dividends which are taxed at a lower rate. The taxes that are paid on profits are the responsibility of the company. Other taxation benefits of incorporation are that once incorporated, many additional items of expenditure become tax deductible. For example medical expenses,

Childhood since the Nineteenth Century Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Childhood since the Nineteenth Century - Essay Example Their shift from villages to cities made them financially independent and their verisimilitude of developing nuclear family increased manifolds. Their individualism supported such a family system that would have them and their children alone. Having such short families, parents were in a position to devote more time to their children as there was little influence of neighbors or relatives. According to Stone (1977), the family system experienced a considerable change from 1450 to 1800 in that it became more and more narrow and closed. Earlier families had three or more generations living together, while the modernistic families had a nuclear structure, with only the parents and immediate children living together. Thus parents became more responsible for their children as there were no grandparents to take care of the children in their absence. Stone (1977) asserted that the concept of developing a nuclear family was accompanied by a rise in the trend of ‘affective individualism ’ that encouraged individuals to choose marital partners for themselves. Thus, each member of the family was recognized as unique and naturally, the children gained full attention of the parents. Stone (1977) also was of the view that the industrial revolution played a big role in the rise of the nuclear family system. As parents became more and more careful about their children from 1450 to 1800, the child mortality rates ultimately began to decline in the 1800s. This caused the parents to be more careful about their children’s health and safety because in the earlier centuries when child mortality rates were quite high, the death of a child was visualized as a solid reason why parents should not develop an association with their children. Philippe Aries played a pivotal role in mapping the childhood history through his writing published in the Centuries of Childhood in 1962 (Roberts, 2008). That ‘terra incognita’ stirred up the emotions of many philosoph ers, writers, theorists and educationalists that led them to propose many a theories and concepts of modern childhood that shaped our perception of childhood as we know it today. An in-depth analysis of the childhood literature and conceptions from old centuries portrays a very sad image of childhood in those times. The commencement of childhood as a social construction can be dated back to the sixteenth century. Aries was of the view that the fundamental difference between the modern childhood and its conception in earlier centuries is that adults were far less careful about children in earlier centuries than they are now. Children were neither educated, nor were they treated differently from adults. Parents did not feel the need to attend the children, offer them their time and affection that the children required. The activities children indulged in the Middle Ages and also, the earlier modern era were not much different from those of the adults. A child was considered a child ti ll the time he/she turned seven, though the child was thought of as miniature adult before that. After the age of seven, children were expected to and often forced into practically helping their parents with the farming or looking after their fields and livestock.  

Programming Paradigms Essay Example for Free

Programming Paradigms Essay This style of programming was brought as a result of lines of code being too long, thousands of lines of code were needed for one program. The procedural approach of programming was introduced that would break down these lines of code into block of around 10 lines of code, these blocks were used to carry out specific functions for the overall program. These functions are procedures hence the name of this style of programming was called Procedural Programming. In procedural programming a program would be built by writing these functions/procedures and calling upon them when you need them to perform a function in the program. An example of procedural programming is a scoreboard for a football tournament where the winning team would receive 3 points, and the losing team 0, if the teams draw 1 point is allocated to each team. The program for this would be broken down into blocks: The program is controlled by one control procedure, that calls each of the other procedures in the order that they’ll be executed, in this example the procedures called from the input, then to calculate and finally to display results. Procedural programming has many limitations; firstly, there is a lack of reusability, this is because by using procedural programming, thousands of lines of code are used which are for one specific purpose. If the program was to be used in the same organisation, amending the lines of code can be a lengthy procedure as there are many lines of code to sort through, also if some lines of code are edited, bugs can occur in other parts of the while program, therefore it would be best to create a completely new program. Another limitation is the fact that using procedural programming is not productive, as is it a lengthy process, and programmers who can code in the procedural style are very expensive, therefore employing them can be very expensive. Team working while using the procedural programming can be very difficult, even though large organisations require a group of programmers rather than one. Object orientated programming became more popular due to the fact that team working was not easy, it allowed teams to be split up so that they could each create objects and then bring them together to create one whole program. FORTRAN is a typical application that uses procedural programming; this was one of the first high-level languages and was created by IBM in 1954. FORTRAN is still used today for scientific, engineering and mathematical problems.

Macbeth :: essays research papers

Macbeth is presented as a mature man of definitely established character, successful in certain fields of activity and enjoying an enviable reputation. We must not conclude, there, that all his volitions and actions are predictable; Macbeth's character, like any other man's at a given moment, is what is being made out of potentialities plus environment, and no one, not even Macbeth himself, can know all his inordinate self-love whose actions are discovered to be-and no doubt have been for a long time-determined mainly by an inordinate desire for some temporal or mutable good.Macbeth is actuated in his conduct mainly by an inordinate desire for worldly honors; his delight lies primarily in buying golden opinions from all sorts of people. But we must not, therefore, deny him an entirely human complexity of motives. For example, his fighting in Duncan's service is magnificent and courageous, and his evident joy in it is traceable in art to the natural pleasure which accompanies the exp losive expenditure of prodigious physical energy and the euphoria which follows. He also rejoices no doubt in the success which crowns his efforts in battle - and so on. He may even conceived of the proper motive which should energize back of his great deed:The service and the loyalty I owe,In doing it, pays itself.But while he destroys the king's enemies, such motives work but dimly at best and are obscured in his consciousness by more vigorous urges. In the main, as we have said, his nature violently demands rewards: he fights valiantly in order that he may be reported in such terms a "valour's minion" and "Bellona's bridegroom"' he values success because it brings spectacular fame and new titles and royal favor heaped upon him in public. Now so long as these mutable goods are at all commensurate with his inordinate desires - and such is the case, up until he covets the kingship - Macbeth remains an honorable gentleman. He is not a criminal; he has no criminal tendencies. But once permit his self-love to demand a satisfaction which cannot be honorably attained, and he is likely to grasp any dishonorable means to that end which may be safely employed. In other words, Macbeth has much of natural good in him unimpaired; environment has conspired with his nature to make him upright in all his dealings with those about him. But moral goodness in him is undeveloped and indeed still rudimentary, for his voluntary act s are scarcely brought into harmony with ultimate end.

Foreshadowing and Irony in “Sweat” by Zora Neale Hurston

The short story â€Å"Sweat,† by Zora Neale Hurston, seems to exemplify the epitome of a bad marriage. Hurston uses foreshadowing and irony to demonstrate the disintegrated relationship between the abusive husband and the diligent wife. Throughout the story, it becomes obvious that the husband does not oblige by the motto, â€Å"Do unto others as you would have them do unto you. † Hurston’s use of irony and foreshadowing helps reveal the fact that â€Å"the good will prevail† and Sykes will finally get what he deserves. From the very beginning, the reader notices the psychological and verbal abuse that Sykes puts on Delia. It was a Sunday and Delia decided to get ahead on her work for the week by separating piles of clothes by color. Fear then came upon her when â€Å"†¦something long, round, limp, and black fell upon her shoulder and slithered to the floor beside her† (355). Sykes’ bull whip, mistaken for a snake, invokes â€Å"great terror† (355) and extreme fear in Delia, foreshadowing an event that is to come in the future. It also demonstrates the distant relationship between Sykes and Delia. With full knowledge of Delia’s fear of snakes, Sykes continues to haunt her with them throughout the story. While Delia falls to the oppression of her husband, Sykes almost commits these acts as torture. Because of Hurston’s strong use of irony, it is evident that one day Delia will prevail and a clue to Sykes’ fate is provided: that one day he will be haunted by a snake as well. Delia is obviously the breadwinner of the family and works hard to support both herself and Sykes. Unfortunately, Sykes takes this for granted by taking advantage of the free housing while saving his rarely earned money to spend on other women. Fully aware of this, Delia mentions that â€Å"†¦whatever goes over the Devil’s back is got to come under his belly. Sometime or ruther, Syke, like everybody else, is gointer reap his sowing† (357). The use of irony here demonstrated that â€Å"what goes around, comes around† and once again alludes to Sykes’ fate. Many more indications throughout the story seem to allude to Sykes’ death. The other men in the town seem to disrespect Sykes and even suggest that he should die. While Delia started to deliver the clean laundry in town one ay, the men talked about how Delia is too good for Sykes and that she deserves better, They also despise Sykes for running around with an ugly and fat woman, ultimately cheating on his hardworking wife. Finally, one man says, â€Å"Syke Jones ain’t wuth de shot an’ powder hit would tek tuh kill ‘em. Not to huh he ain’t† (357) while another man adds, â€Å"†¦an’ we ough ter kill ‘im† (358). It seems like Hurston portrays this hostility to reiterate to the reader that Sykes will fall victim to a well deserved death. Perhaps the most important event in the story occurs when Sykes brings home a huge six-foot living snake. Fear once again overcomes Delia and she pleads, â€Å"Syke! Syke, mah Gawd! You take dat rattlesnake ‘way from heah! You gottuh. Oh, Jesus, have mussy† (360). Sykes, on the other hand, stands in amusement almost as if he loves to see Delia psychologically abused. His cockiness unravels as he acts like he is invincible and like anyone and anything should and will comply with him. In regards to the enormous snake, Sykes boasts, â€Å"†¦He wouldn’t bite me cause Ah knows how tuh handel ‘im† (360). He makes sure to instill fear into Delia by telling her to be careful because the snake would have no problem coming after her. Hurston also has Sykes portray his own death. In this same scene, Sykes’ reply to Delia’s request of getting rid of the snake is, â€Å"Ah ain’t got to do nuthin’ uh de kin’ – fact is Ah ain’t got tuh do nothin’ but die† (360). This statement only means that Sykes will not listen to Delia at anytime and enjoys torturing her in any way possible. He admits that he would rather die than give Delia the pleasure of control at any moment. This scenario is perhaps the most ironic because it is this same snake that takes Sykes’ life once and for all.

How does media censorship violate freedom of expression and impact businesses Essay

Discuss how censorship of the media is a violation of the freedom of expression and its impact on businesses in Malaysia. Censorship is the resistor of information and ideas distributed within a society, or can be defined as the act of changing a message, including the change of deletion (complete elimination of the message), between the sender and receiver. Censorship is a tool that can be used to accomplish good or evil but must be used carefully and only when truly necessary. Media censorship takes many forms in the way you get your news, while most information is edited at length some information is edited to keep delicate information from the public and this is usually done to protect a person’s privacy and also to protect media outlets from corporate or political fallout. Freedom of expression is the right to express ones ideas and opinions freely through speech, writing and other forms of communication but without deliberately causing harm to others character and/or rep utation by false or misleading statements. An example of freedom of expression is freedom of press. Freedom of expression is an important human right. It also underpins most other rights and allows them to flourish. The right to speak your mind freely on important issues in society and to access information plays a vital role in the healthy development process of any society. Censorship is an expanding issue in Malaysia as they want to reach a knowledge based economy which is an economy that uses knowledge to generate tangible and intangible assets and using technology to transform a part of human knowledge to machines. Malaysia having one of the world’s firmest systems of media censorship with about a hundred movies being barred in the past 10 years on the ploy of upholding morality and the internet however remains unconstrained in line with keeping civil liberties and preserving democratic spaces. Article 10 of the Federal Constitution of Malaysia states that everyone has a right to freedom of expression but on many occasions people’s right to implement their freedo m of expression is restricted and selectively based on the freedom of choice of the government. The restrictions are justified under the maintaining racial harmony and public order. Professor Dr. Shad Saleem Faruqi argued that the constitution offers a rather weak provision for freedom of speech predominantly as a result of adjustments following the May 1969 clashes. The right includes freedom to give opinions and to obtain and convey information and ideas without disturbances by public authority  irrespective of borderlines. To exercise freedom, it comes with duties and responsibilities, and may be exposed to formalities, conditions, restriction or penalties set by the law (The Sun, 2005). In the case of Chai Choon Hon v, Ketua Polis Daerah, Kampar and Government of Malaysia (1986), Choon applied for a license to hold solidarity dinner in public space. His application was accepted but stamped with seven restrictions, two he felt were unfair. The speakers should not exceed seven and that no speech to touch on political issues. It was turned down when he sued at that federal c ourt but was granted to go ahead by the supreme-court judge. In this case we see how the government’s power to regulate meetings and event is not absolute. Such right is easily abused especially towards businesses and rival politicians, this comes to show that freedom of assembly remain safeguarded and only restricted when it is absolutely necessary. Daniel J.Boorstin, who was known as the leading intellectual public position in the nation argued that any sorts of censorship â€Å"has no place in a free society.† Hence, media censorship is deemed unlawful or in violation of human rights and should undergo judicial review1. Even the Malaysian Press Institute chairman Datuk Azman Ujang himself claimed, â€Å"Media censorship will not really aid the country because Malaysia needs a free press that shows maturity and progress in order to evolve.† Although he rejects complete press freedom due to existing laws and sensitivities of certain areas, â€Å"press freedom is essential when the foreign community reflects on our country2.† Exclusion of the media is an extremely ruthless constraint on freedom of expression and information in these boundaries should only be placed where there are obvious safety concerns. An unfortunate example would be when the MIC President, S. Samy Vellu had the authorities charge Awang Se lamat under the Sedition Act because of an article â€Å"Malays betrayed?† even though open and civil discussions on race and religion are essential in the evolvement of the nation’s ethical boundaries3. Hence, to ban certain views is a grave violation of freedom of expression for the individual and the community. An appealing argument favoring media censorship however is the security of secrets. For example, in 2008 when Mumbai was attacked by terrorists, media censorship could have been used against news reporters who revealed the counter-terrorist’s operation clearly because terrorists in their hideout could have been pre-warned of the impending actions of the counter-terrorists. Hence, some information is best unknown. Nevertheless, if a foreign press is producing an unbiased discussion on the leadership of our country and the ruling coalition bans such information from the nation, democracy would be no different from dictatorship. Moreover, if knowledge does not spread, it will lead to intellectual stagnation which would not have brought humanity to its present day. Basically, it is about the balance and authorities need to identify the rationale behind that censorship and censor the media as per that rationale4, not according to the selfish benefits of the ruling authorities. Subsequently, Malaysian officials have ordered bookstores to stop selling ‘Where did I come from?’ by British author Peter Mayle, a sex education book which intends to help parents explain to children topics regard ing sex, conception, and birth5. Children should be acknowledged with such topics to avoid mistakes that could have been made in their future. It is not necessary to ban such books as bookstores nowadays significantly display books that have been banned in the past and it took personal courage and long, hard work to undo that ban which should not exist in the first place. Many older teenagers are knowledgeable about sex beyond the imaginations of their parents and are ravenous to scrutinize serious issues concerning life and to have their ideas taken seriously6. Hence, further knowledge should not be stopped from them. After all, books that have no prospect of school purchase can, and do extend freely to infinite possibilities of the English language. Nevertheless, readers and audiences are normally unable to choose what to present and what not to present in the media because everything is already out there unconsciously. The only choice they could make is to select what kind of information and ideas they want to obtain. However, in Malaysia, all contents which are deemed as inappropriate or sensitive are subject to censorship from being reported to the society, be it external forced or â€Å"self-censorship†. The Malaysian government strictly limits the print media from both legislations i.e. reduce citizens’ freedom of expression and free flow of information. There are very few independent publications among Malaysia’s media due to the restrictions of obtaining a publishing license8. It is much easier for magazine publishers to obtain a license compared to  newspaper agencies because most of the magazine topics regard lifestyle issues. For foreign publications in Malaysia, there is a history of threatening censorship, delaying issues, and sporadically the complete banning of an issue of a magazine. Research showed that there were infrequent attacks on foreign journalists and foreign publications because they have published some supposedly censored news about Malaysia. For example, during the Bersih 3.0 rally when Al-Jazeera stressed that they have not been censored in this manner by any other distribution platform in the world and condemns Malaysia for that9. The Printing Presses and Publications Act 1984 (PPPA) is one of the harshest of the media laws in Malaysia. Its statute in section 4(1), 7(1), and 9(1) of the act demonstrates how stern the law is regarding the censorship of the print media of the nation10. This Act required all print media to acquire an annual publishing license despite the home minister’s authority to suspend or revoke publishing permits easily11. The government has extensive seizure powers over printing presses and publications license. Ong Boon Keong, one case in Penang that shows the PPPA reduce the freedom of expression, Ong Boon Keong the Community leader was accused for breach of the PPPA and the Aiyoh Penang, a bulletin which was published unlicensed. This action has not been taken by the police on pressing charge on Ong till today. Section 3 of the Act gives the Internal Security Minister a legally permit license and also refuse any application for a license. The Internal Security Act 1960 deals with publications which forbid materials that contain substance such as violence, not accordance to the law and causing disruption to the peace and security In Malaysia. Action is allowed to be taken by the minister against all print media where the publishers’ writing has not taken â€Å"reasonable measures† to substantiate the truth of the news. Contravention of this Act will causes an RM 2,000 fine and, or up t o three years imprisonment. Nevertheless, numerous international parties including the UN Human Rights Committee as well as a number of constitutional courts globally have declared that, bans in publishing â€Å"false news† are deemed to breach the guarantee of freedom of expression. As the European Court of Human Rights mentioned, â€Å"Freedom of the press provides the public an ideal means of discovering and forming an opinion of their political leaders’ ideas and attitudes†. The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) imposed formal legal obligations on State  Parties to abide its term and had elaborated many of the rights including the Article 19 of Universal Declaration on Human Rights (UDHR). The right to freedom of expression stated in Article 19 of the ICCPR collateral is closely similar to that in Article 19 of the UDHR as â€Å"Everyone shall have the right to freedom of expression which shall comprise freedom to seek, receive and impart information and id eas of all kinds†. Although Malaysia is an authoritative elaboration of the rights set out in the UDHR, it has no confirm with the ICCPR. Censorship is a growing issue in many countries in the world and has direct effect in businesses. Businessmen today need truthful news or information that is important for their business. However, because of censorship they sometimes could not get the real news and end up with false news. Media censorship forces companies to take many steps to get proper news while the censorship board finds various ways to keep certain information hidden from becoming public. There are some businesses that actually run depending on the media and public. The newspapers and magazines give such information that helps businessmen to promote and run their business home and abroad. If the censorship board attempts to bar news that is relevant to certain businesses, the effects could be unspeakable. Thus, businessmen have to look through foreign news although foreign print media is often c ensored as well. The fact that Malaysia’s ruling parties control almost the entire press media including the New Straits Times, Malay Mail, The Star, Sin Chew Jit Poh, Guang Ming Daily, Nanyang Siang Pau, and China Press, not to mention Tamil newspapers like Malaysia Namban, Tamil Nesan and Makkal Osai12, political parties could always try to hide their news from others parties which may be related to important business information. So, often other businessmen receive fake or incorrect news that hampers business a lot. This is how censorship is affecting Malaysian business, by not letting foreign news agencies and magazines promote their news in Malaysian newspapers or magazines. The journalists in Malaysia always try to cover the whole true story behind any news or story. Sometimes, they have to bear physical harassment and can often sacrifice their lives to cover the real story. But their efforts get wasted for the obstruction of censorship. Businessmen are generally seen early every morning , eager to read the newspapers to get the latest news about the Business world. Censorship has always created a wall between the truth and  lie. Malaysian government has banned many international newspaper agencies from entering into the Malaysian market. Some businesses fully depend on print media and Malaysian businessmen often need global information to cope with faster moving trends and fashions if they are operating their businesses internationally. Censorship causes problems such as businesses being not comprehensive enough of the circumstances of other countries causing logistical inefficiencies because of possible delays due to strike or any other corruptions in a certain country. Expectedly, the Malaysian business industry suffers much loss due to lack of information from the print media. The government has taken a few steps to make its control over the print media as a way to control the political scenario of the country. Subsequently, a safe campaign in 1998 led by Malaysia’s ruling party, Barisan National which enabled its constituent partie s to obtain corporate control over the four main Malaysia daily newspapers which are the News Straits Times Group, the Utusan Melayu Group, Star Publications and the Karangkraft Group. Operation Lalang was implemented on 27 October 1987. Two daily newspapers, The Star and Sin Chew Jit Poh, and two weekly newspapers, The Sunday Star and Watan, were shut down for a few months in this operation. Their publishing permits were also suspended temporarily. The Star which was the primary English newspaper that gave news in the Oppositions’ perspective was banned as its action was considered under the Sedition Act and during Operation Lalang, this newspaper was shut down. Most of the employees were being let go and become unemployed and also held behind bars under the Internal Security Act. The Sisters in Islam (SIS), an Islamic institution in Malaysia, was wondering why was the book that consists of research papers assembled by the activists and academics from Southeast Asia and the Middle East being banned in 2005 by the Home Ministry of Malaysia. It becomes a question because the book mainly focused on the trials and tribulations that Muslim women faced in their c ountries. The book also stresses on the women’s rights and how to avoid injustice. The newspaper, Suara Keadilan has their permit terminated in June 2010. This is because it was run by the opposition party led by Annuar Ibrahim and according to the Home ministry the news being published in the newspaper were not correct and misleading. All of these actions on the media have negative impacts on their  businesses. When these publications were stopped, those of them who advertised their business in these publications were affected. They will lose financially because less people will know about their products. As for the publication house itself, it will have greater loss as it has no production which leads to no sales. This in turn means no income or profit. There will be opportunities given by the government to those who support them. On the other hand, those who promote the oppositions’ views or support their print media will have a hard time in obtaining government assistance for their businesses. Nevertheless, it is very important to know the government policy and the political trends to succeed in the business world. In conclusion, we find that censorship of the media is a violation of the freedom of expression and has a big impact on businesses in Malaysia. Malaysia being strict and firm on the issue of censorship is a legal constraint which limits and reduces the people’s freedom of expression and free flow of information. While censorship has pros such as preserving secrets of the nation and protecting the citizens of the nation, plagiarism and political motivated propagandas are avoided. Negative effects of censorship hinder ability for citizens to speak out and share their views, and rights to freedom of speech. Freedom of expression is compromised as it takes away the right of citizens’ big businesses inclusive to know and not allowing people to learn about products and therefore business can’t communicate certain information. This causes an increa se in costs and financial hardship to companies. Due to censorship, information received is imperfect and gathering of such information becomes harder. Any type of increase on cost to a business is bad hence having lower profits which means that businesses cannot reach full capability. As Print Media is the common use of communicating information to citizens, having limitation on the information broadcasted could hinder progress to businessmen as most businesses run and depend on print media i.e. Newspaper articles. Media censorship law Printing Presses and Publications Act 1984 (PPPA) should be loosened with a decrease in restrictions to allow businesses to be dependent on media to blossom and give equal opportunities of success to all businesses. Article 19 of the UDHR and ICCPR should be implemented to keep justice within the nation and freedom of expression can be exercised more and fewer conflicts can take place in the nation. The government should not  control people by censorship as it is a force against globalization and it works against creativity of businesses. In fact, censorship could show a different image to what is really going on which is the abuse of human rights.

How to Find Scholarships for College Expert Guide

How to Find Scholarships for College Expert Guide SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Paying for college is already stressful and a bit overwhelming - applying for scholarships shouldn’t be too. To help you navigate the process of finding (and applying for) this helpful type of financial aid, we’ve put together this strategy guide with everything you need to know about how to findscholarships that are right for you. You’ll learn about searching for awards in the right places (perhaps the most difficult part of the whole process), selecting the right scholarships, and putting together high-quality applications. Let’s get started! Before the Applications: Optimizing Your Chances of Winning a Scholarship There are, of course, many niche awards that go to students with very specific skills, interests, and accomplishments (we’ll get to that in a bit). If you want to increase your chances of winning significant scholarship money, however, you have to step back and look at the big-picture perspective: how can you make yourself appealing to the greatest number of scholarship programs? Here are the most common things that scholarship programs look for: Academic Excellence You can demonstrate academic excellence with ACT or SAT scores, high GPA, and high class rank. Leadership Skills Show you have leadership potential with important positions (or just consistent, engaged participation) in student groups, sports, other extracurriculars, or student jobs. Read more about participating in student groups and getting a student job. Commitment to Community Service Demonstrate that you're invested in your community with consistent, personally meaningful volunteer work. Learn more about the benefits of community service. Read about different community service projects and ideas. Strong Relationships With Educators and Mentors This is a bit harder to define. Most scholarship programs evaluate relationships through letters of recommendation or even short phone conversations. Learn more about what makes for a good letter of rec, and check out examples of awesome letters. Clear Personal Goals Scholarship organizations often look for students with goals and values that are congruent with those of the organization itself. You can demonstrate that you have clear, well-developed goals (even if you don't!) through your application essays or in-person interviews, if applicable. Learn more about writing application essays and coming across well in interviews. The good news is that your scholarship strategy can be easily integrated into your greater college application goals - the things you can do to make yourself appealing to scholarships are the same things you can do to make yourself appealing to colleges. To be most successful in making yourself appealing to scholarship programs, you have to take a long-term approach - it’s best if you start working on the above goals freshman year (or even earlier), but it’s also never too late to start. Where to Look for Scholarships When you’re just starting your scholarship research, the sheer number of awards available can be kind of overwhelming. Here are five suggestions for how to find scholarships. PrepScholar Guides This one’s easy - we’ve already done the legwork for you by compiling lists of different types of scholarships: Top Scholarship Lists Top Scholarships for Sophomores and Freshmen Top Scholarships for Juniors Top Scholarships for Seniors SpecialtyScholarship Lists Minority Scholarships Engineering Scholarships Other Scholarship Lists Guide to Local Scholarships Guaranteed Scholarships Based on SAT/ACT Scores Full Ride Scholarships Easy Scholarships Weird Scholarships Specific Scholarship Guides National Merit Scholarship Gates Millennium Ronald McDonald Scholarship Tylenol Scholarship Florida Bright Futures Other Scholarship Search Tools AsI mentioned earlier, you won’t want to just apply to the big, prestigious scholarships - it’s important to apply to less competitive awards as well. To get info on almost any scholarship you can think of, check out the following online search tools. Want more detailed info? Read our guide on how to effectively use these online search resources. The College Board With the College Board’s scholarship search, you can look for awards based on all sorts of criteria. There are two ways you can search for scholarships: By keyword By filling out personal information about things like minority status, disability status, religious affiliation, veteran status, and club/organization membership. The search engine then finds scholarships that match the personal characteristics you’ve entered. You can enter in as much or as little identifying or demographic information as you’d like. Obviously, the more information you enter, the more relevant and helpful the search results will be. Scholarships.com Scholarships.com claims to be the largest free scholarship search resource available, with a total of over 2.7 million scholarships listed in their database. The site lets you save, â€Å"favorite,† or remove scholarship matches associated with your account. Students tend to have more luck with Scholarships.com when it comes to finding relevant awards when compared to many other scholarship search engines. Your Favorite Search Engine Once you get a better sense of the scholarships you’d like to apply for, you can use Google (or something similar) to search for awards. This gives you a lot of freedom and flexibility when you’re searching for scholarships, especially if you have specific keywords in mind. You might find individual awards or lists of relevant scholarships that others have already put together. Your Guidance or College Counselor School counselors are an untapped resource when it comes to finding scholarship money! Definitely schedule a meeting with your guidance or college counselor - the earlier, the better, but ideally by the beginning of junior year. They likely have insider info on scholarship programs that may be a good fit for you, especially when it comes to local awards. If you have unique skills or needs (e.g. you’re hoping to be recruited for a college sport), your counselor may also be able to help guide you through the process - this isn’t something you can get from an online scholarship search tool. A guidance counselor can give the sort of personalized feedback that you can only get from a real, live human How to Choose Which Scholarships to Apply for You might come across thousands of scholarships in your college search, but you can’t apply to all of them, no matter how efficient you are. It’s important to pare down the number of scholarships you apply to in order to maximize your success of winning cash (8-10 applications is a reasonable goal here). Here are some questions you should ask yourself when you’re putting together that all-important list of scholarship applications: Do You Meet All of the Eligibility Requirements? This seems obvious, but it’s really important. Carefully read through all of the eligibility requirements to make sure you meet every single one. If the organization has set specific guidelines on things like GPA, ACT/SAT scores, community service hours, etc., don’t expect them to even look at your application if you’re just â€Å"close† to meeting the requirements. This will just waste time you could have spent applying to other scholarships. If you have any questions about confusing requirements, reach out to the scholarship organization directly. Are You a Good Fit for the Award? This is similar (but not the same) as meeting the eligibility requirements.If you do meet the requirements, ask yourself (and answer honestly) whether you are this scholarship’s target audience. That is, do you fit the spirit of the award and not just the letter of it? For example, let’s say you’re looking at an award for scholar-athletes, and you’re a great student, but you’ve never played on a varsity team. You might meet the hard requirements (i.e. you’ve played a sport), but you’re not what the organization is looking for when they say â€Å"scholar athlete.† This is an award you should pass on. Is the Scholarship Worth the Time You'll Spend on the Application? Some scholarship applications ask a lot of the students hoping to get the award. You might have to submit all sorts of documentation - everything from transcripts to financial docs to letters of rec to student essays These obstacles may be worth it for relatively large awards where you’re sure you a) meet all requirements and b) are a good fit for the scholarship. But for smaller awards or awards where you’re not the ideal applicant? Pass. When Is the Application Deadline? Does the deadline conflict with any other big responsibilities (e.g. exams, college app deadlines, important extracurricular events)? Avoid scholarshipsyou won't be able to finish in time as well as ones that will require you to miss schoolwork in order to finish. Do you have enough time between now and then to put together a polished application? If you just have to fill out a few forms and write an essay or two, you won’t need that long - maybe a couple of weeks (you’ll want to build in time to get feedback from a teacher/counselor).If you have to put together a lot of documentation - like official transcripts, letters of rec, etc. - you might need 2-3 months. Have You Looked for Niche Awards? Most scholarships programs look for qualities that I discussed earlier in the article - academic excellence, leadership skills, community service, etc. If you can find awards that are targeted towards students with your niche interests, skills, or background, you’ll really increase your chances of winning some scholarship money. Even if you don’t use resources like the College Board search tool to find scholarships, you should go through the questionnaire asking about various group affiliations or student characteristics. If you identify with anything listed, use those keywords to look for potential scholarships (e.g.religious affiliation, ethnic background, veteran status, unique extracurriculars). The smaller the applicant pool for a particular award, the weaker the competition. Take advantage of these niche award opportunities. Do You Have a Good Variety of Scholarship Applications Lined Up? You may find a ton of great awards for which you’re an excellent applicant, but if they’re all very competitive or very popular (see: Coca-Cola scholarship, Gates Millennium scholarship), you’re doing yourself a disservice. Just as(strategically minded) top students don't just applyto Ivy League schools, you don't want to just apply for uber-competitiveawards.Try to put together a list of scholarships of varying degrees of competitiveness. Look at both national and local awards. Ever hear that you shouldn't put all your eggs in one basket? This is why you should apply to a variety of scholarship programs. Scholarship Application Tips and Strategies Once you’ve chosen which scholarships you’d like to apply for, you’ll want to be as organized and as polished as possible when it comes to submitting the apps. If you want to increase your chances of submitting successful applications, follow these tips! Get Organized Set up a scholarship application plan in the same way you’d set up a college application plan - organize all of your tasks and deadlines in one place. The easiest way to do this is to set up a spreadsheet with all this important info - like scholarship name, deadline and application components. This makes it easy to track your progress if you check off relevant tasks as you go. If you choose to set up your own spreadsheet (like in Excel or Google Drive), start by setting up the following spreadsheet columns (you can customize these as necessary): Scholarship name Application deadline Link to application Application â€Å"start† date (the date by which you want to start working on the app) Application essay required? (check off when complete) Letters of recommendation required? (check off when submitted) Transcripts required? (check off when submitted) ACT/SAT scores required? (check off when submitted) Any other required documentation? (check off when submitted) Checkpoint:Application essay edits received and implemented Checkpoint:Application reviewed by friend or family member Checkpoint:Application submitted Think Strategically Applying to scholarships is a numbers game, just like applying to colleges.You can apply to as many or as few awards as you’d like, but it's best to find some sort of optimal middle ground. This middle ground will vary a bit for each student, depending on his or her goals and personal characteristics. Too many applications may leave you feeling overwhelmed (and cut into other important commitments); too few applications may mean you don't actually win any money. Here are some important questions to consider when putting together your list of scholarship applications: How badly do you need scholarship funding?If you don't think you'll end up withmuch need-based financial aid, but you're still worried about paying forcollege expenses, you might want to apply to more scholarship programs. Are youa competitive scholarship applicant?Unless you've stumbled upon some sort of unknown secretprogram, the chances are that your application for each award will be weighed against those of many other students. If you're not a strongstudent - say, in the top quarter of your class - you mayhave trouble winning merit awards. If this is the case, you may want to increase your number of scholarship apps. How much extra time do you have?If you have an overloaded schedule, applying to too many scholarship programs may hurt your academic and extracurricular performance. Overbooked students may want tobe more selective with their scholarship applications. On average, I would say the ideal number of scholarship applications on average is 8-10 - you'll want to adjust your own number of apps based on the questions I laid out above. Finally, try to choose a few â€Å"reach† scholarships (i.e. very large/competitive awards), a few â€Å"safety† scholarships (i.e. small, noncompetitive or local awards), and a few â€Å"target† scholarships (mid-sized awards that you feel are a good fit). Have Someone Review Your Applications This is a super important step - it might be tempting to skip (especially if you’re on a deadline), but make sure SOMEONE looks over your applications with fresh eyes. If the application requires essays, it’s best to get feedback from a teacher or guidance counselor. Try to build 2-3 weeks into your application timeline for edits and comments. To check for typos, missed information, and general clarity, have a parent or even a trusted friend look over your apps. You could always repay the favor for a friend by looking over their applications! Even the most conscientious student should look for feedback on herapplications. What's Next? There's so much more to learn when it comes to finding and winning awards! You'd undoubtedly be interested in reading more about full ride scholarships - for more info, read about the top 15 full-ride awards, 79 colleges that offer full ride scholarships, and the top strategies for winning a full ride scholarship. If you're considering applying for scholarships, you should alsolook into other forms of financial aid. Read our guides on the four different types of financial aid and how to apply for them. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Economist Skills Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Economist Skills - Case Study Example Entering a supervisory role means that one gives up some of the task orientation and gets involved in the planning aspects of the tasks at hand. Rather than being given the daily tasks to perform, as on the line, the supervisor must deal with the constraints (number of people, amount of time, budget) and the requirements (production quantity, quality). Add to this the human management aspects of the job upward. Whereas the plant manager is a distant figure to the people on the line, not sharing the pressures and difficulties of the job, he is more direct and confrontational with his/her supervisors, as they are the first-line managers responsible for getting things done. Managing upwards for Joe means that he must fit the requirements of the company and his capacities to complete them with the people he has. Like an Army lieutenant climbing over the foxhole, he knows that the ultimate goal is not just the next foxhole, but a broader battle plan that he may or may not choose to communicate with his employees. Joe must manage expectations upward. That means that if upper management is asking him to do something for which he doesn't have the resources (e.g. capital equipment, training of his people, time or expertise), Joe must communicate that clearly with management and come to a mutually-satisfying conclusion. The usual pattern on manufactu... In addition, the supervisor moves from top player to coach: rather than carrying out the tasks himself, he must teach those who must do the actual production. It's said that the best coaches are those who were just average players in their sport. Vince Lombardi played professional football with just average results, but he excelled as a coach. The reason for the difference is that coaches understand how to reach down to the mid-performing line worker and motivate him/her to excel. There are any number of ways that Joe could have failed as a first-line manager: He failed to communicate the needs of upper management to the production team, thus failing to give an adequate picture of what was expected, or He did not act as a buffer, or translator, of upper-management wishes. Sometimes the first-line manager will communicate the tension and insecurity of upper management without giving adequate translation into the tasks that need to be completed. He could have failed to supply enough information to give his team members an insight as to why the decisions on production levels, quality and other factors were being asked of them. His production team members were looking to Joe for leadership, not camaraderie. Joe may have found that the tools he used before (being a nice guy, getting along) are different than those he needs now to succeed (providing direction and feedback). How Might This Have Been Avoided Management clearly failed Joe in two key ways: 1. They should have assessed Joe on his leadership qualities, not his ability to perform his work on the line. 2. They should have provided Joe with the management tools he needed in order to succeed, including training, coaching and feedback. Bibliography Berger, D., n.d., It's All About the People, Plant

Government grants for alternative energy research Proposal

Government grants for alternative energy - Research Proposal Example Moreover, in case of a successful research, state can export the resources to gain wealth and improve relations with other countries. It will also provide the country with a more self-sufficient structure of its own and external facilitation in terms of loans and aids will be significantly reduced (Gibilisco, 234). The alternative energy is a vast range of possibilities and so this research will only focus the energy derived from hydropower i.e. water. An important reason for this selection is the surplus availability of water due to the presence of the coastline. Once the literature review is complete, further narrowing of the topic can take place. For instance what sort of water etc. Nevertheless, by what is thoroughly known presently, it is safe to say that the research will analyze the efficiency of seawater from the south shore as an energy source. It will also extend to observing the hazards faced by the sea life and the civilians in case of execution and measures that could be performed to lessen the hazardous effects. Works Cited Gibilisco, S. Alternative energy demystified, McGraw-Hill Professional, 2006. Simon C. A.